SERHOSIL - MICROALGAE IN THE SERVICE OF FERTILITY
Currently, the GEF SGP allocates gratuitous financial assistance to support the initiative of the Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan to create a low-tonnage production of a new biological product - Serhosil. This drug is designed to significantly improve the microbiological and biochemical processes in the soil, and to help increase the productivity of our lands. In this article, farmers and land administration officials will be able to learn in detail about the drug, its benefits and possible uses.
Agriculture is currently going through difficult times everywhere. Policymakers and land managers around the world are faced with the question of how to provide food for the growing population of the planet with a fixed amount of land and water resources, with ongoing processes of degradation and decline in fertility. This problem as a whole translates into a number of specific tasks for agriculture:
• how to increase the productivity of agricultural crops?
• how to improve, or at least not to lose, the quality of products?
• how to reduce the cost and increase the profitability of agricultural production?
Agricultural specialists are looking for new resource-saving technologies and they are faced with the task: how, with minimal costs and a reasonable reduction of anthropogenic impact on nature, to maximize food and, what is important today, environmentally friendly products?
Green microalgae of the genus Scenedesmus
An unexpected fact was that one of the means by which the above mentioned problems of agriculture can be solved is algae. Rather, the use of a new environmentally friendly growth-stimulating biological product Serhosil based on green microalgae of the genus Scenedesmus.
The biological product was developed in the laboratory of soil microbiology of the Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The biological product can be used for pre-sowing seed treatment, root (watering) and foliar (leaf spraying) feeding of all types of crops. An essential advantage of the biological product Serhosil is its complete harmlessness to humans and animals, and great usefulness for soil living microorganisms, which, in fact, create soil fertility.
How does the drug work?
The main essence of the Serhosil preparation technology is the additional introduction of green microalgae into the soil. They are an additional source of biologically active substances and mineral elements for root and leaf nutrition of agricultural crops. In addition, when introduced into the soil, green microalgae begin to multiply, increase the humus content in the soil and create favorable conditions for the development of beneficial soil microorganisms participating in the cycle of nutrients. The introduction of microalgae thereby increases the number of natural beneficial soil microflora and, thereby, makes it dominant over the harmful soil microflora. As a result of vital activity, introduced and natural beneficial microorganisms release biologically active substances into the soil (vitamins, enzymes, amino acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, organic acids, phytohormones, antibiotic substances against harmful pathogenic microorganisms, etc.), enrich it with elements readily available for plants nutrition and make it fertile. Serhosil contains all the necessary for microflora and fauna of the soil, as well as plants, nutrients, vitamins, amino acids.
As a result, agricultural crops are well provided with full-fledged organic and mineral nutrition, the plants increase their immunity and they turn out to be resistant to diseases and to various stressful situations - unfavorable weather (drought, frost, torrential rains, wind) and soil (salinity, erosion, pH , temperature differences) conditions. At the same time, mineral fertilizers (only in combination with organic fertilizers), pesticides and other chemical plant protection products are not used. Agricultural products are becoming more environmentally friendly and completely safe for humans.
In practice, we were convinced that when using the biological product Serhosil, there was an acceleration and increase in the percentage of field germination of seeds, an acceleration of ripening by 10-15 days and an increase in yield. The harvest was healthy, the quality of cotton fiber, wheat grains improved, the content of harmful nitrates in vegetables decreased 3-4 times, the harvest did not rot and spoil. The biological product Serhosil was also tested in the preparation of seedlings of vegetable crops, on seedlings of various fruit, ornamental trees, vineyards and flowers. Good results were obtained for the growth, development and fruiting of plants.
The use of Serhosil biological product on various agricultural crops provides:
• reduction of irrigation water consumption for the cultivation of agricultural crops by 20-30% due to a decrease in the process of leaf transpiration and evaporation of water from the soil due to the development of microalgae on the soil surface, forming a continuous green bloom. In addition, the water-holding capacity of the leaves is increased;
• reduction of doses of applied mineral and micronutrient fertilizers by 25-50%, depending on the composition of the soil;
• a gradual decrease in the degree of soil salinization due to the use of microalgae introduced into the soil as a source of nutrition of soil salts, and due to a reduction (by 20-30%) of irrigation of agricultural crops with salt water;
• the possibility of gradual complete abandonment of the use of a number of expensive chemical pesticides used against diseases and insect pests by increasing the immunity of plants;
• restoration and preservation of biological diversity of agronomically important useful types of soil microorganisms, increasing soil fertility due to a gradual increase in humus content and improving the ecology of the environment by reducing anthropogenic load;
• increase in yield, taste and safety of agricultural products, the yield of raw cotton increases by 8-10 c / ha, winter wheat - by 7.5 c / ha, cucumbers - by 3-4 t / ha, potatoes - by 5.2-5.9 t / ha, sugar beet - by 45 t / ha in comparison with the traditional technology of cultivation of agricultural crops;
• reduction of emissions of nitrous oxide - NO2 into the atmosphere by 25-50% on saline soils due to a reduction in the rates of applied mineral fertilizers, restoration of useful soil microflora and microbiological processes of nitrogen cycle;
• the possibility of reorienting a number of farms to more profitable production of new types of products, including environmentally friendly (determined in field experiments, a decrease in nitrates in cucumbers by 10.3% and an increase in vitamin C by 2.9%; on potatoes - a decrease in nitrates by 10 , 6% and an increase in vitamin C by 1.2%, starch content by 2% in comparison with the traditional technology of cultivation of vegetable crops); profitability of raw cotton production increases by 52%, wheat - by 45%, vegetable crops - by an average of 44-90%;
• reduction of anthropogenic load on nature, obtaining maximum productivity with minimum expenditure of material and labor resources;
• increasing the resistance of agricultural crops to diseases and weather conditions;
• increasing drought resistance and frost resistance of plants.
How is the drug used?
The biological product Serhosil can be purchased in the form of a liquid suspension or a concentrated pasty biomass, which must then be diluted in water in a ratio of 1: 300. Once diluted, the resulting liquid can be used in three different ways:
1.in the form of pre-sowing seed treatment - the seeds are processed by soaking them in a working liquid for 3-5 hours, depending on the hardness of the seeds;
2. in the form of root top dressing (watering) - the plants are watered with the working liquid at the root instead of water once after the emergence of shoots;
3. in the form of foliar, foliar top dressing (leaf spraying) - plants are sprayed 3-4 times during the growing season, in the amount of 600-800 l / ha. This makes it possible to reduce the cost of mineral fertilizers by 25-30% and for irrigation water by 20-30% due to the improvement of photosynthesis processes, additional leaf nutrition of plants and due to the water-holding capacity of the leaves.
Complex application of the biological product - seed treatment, root and foliar feeding of plants gives the best effect.
Spraying wheat with Serhosil biological product
Spraying cotton leaves with biological product Serhosil
The biological product Serhosil has passed production tests and has been introduced within the framework of 6 State Applied, one International and 2 innovative projects, in 2 branches of the UzNII of Vegetable and Melons Crops and Potatoes of the MAWR RUz (in Tashkent and Samarkand regions), in 4 branches of UzNII Cotton growing MAWR RUz (Tashkent, Jizzakh, Bukhara and Andijan regions), UzNII of selection and seed growing of cotton, in cotton fields in farms in Tashkent, Syrdarya, Kashkadarya regions, Khorezm and Karakalpakstan.
At the moment, work is underway to install and launch a low-tonnage production of the drug on the basis of the Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan with the assistance of an innovative grant from the State Committeeon Science and Technology I5-FA-0-19521 “Development and development of technology for low-tonnage production of biological product Serhosil and PMGEF. After the launch of production, the Institute will be able to provide 12,500-15,000 hectares of land per year with the drug. In addition, each farmer will be able to produce such algae at home. You can learn how to do this within the framework of the project, at its trainings, or directly at the Institute. But the main option will be the opportunity for farmers to apply to the Institute for the purchase of concentrated pasta.
We hope that the new locally produced drug will significantly improve the fertility of our country's lands.
Jumaniyazova Gulnara Ismailovna
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Leading Researcher of the Laboratory of Soil Microbiology of the Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Tel .: + (998 71) 262-14-38, 262-69-66, + (998 90) 318 25 59
e-mail: gulnara2559@mail.ru
